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![]() The bonds between atoms of the same element are always covalent, wherein electrons are shared, rather than ionic, wherein electrons are passed from one reagent to another. This means that O 2 (oxygen), Mg 2 (magnesium), Al (aluminum), He (helium), and S 8 (sulfur) have the oxidation number zero, because the oxidation state of the individual atoms wasn’t changed during the formation of the molecule. This is true regardless of whether the element exists as an atom or a polyatomic molecule. Rule #1: The oxidation state of an uncombined element not possessing an electric charge is always zero. Now that we have a rough idea of what an oxidation number is, let’s move on to the rules of determining the oxidation number of a particular substance. ![]() Accessed 7th March 2022.For instance, in the aforementioned reaction between hydrogen and chlorine, the loss of electrons adds to the oxidation state of the hydrogen atoms, which become positively charged ions, while the gain of electrons reduces the oxidation state of the chlorine atoms, which become negatively charged ions.
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